By Michael Lipcan, MD, Chief of Gastroenterology, and Griffin Health Communications & Public Affairs Intern Celina Daigle
If you are 45 years or older, then your primary care physician has probably asked you about getting a colonoscopy. This common procedure examines the large intestine (also known as the colon) for polyps, tumors, inflammation or any other structural problem by inserting a thin flexible tube with a light and camera into the anus which is then advanced by the gastroenterologist to examine the entire colon.
Why Would You Need a Colonoscopy?
Since colon cancer is very common and almost always arises from small growth (called polyps), doctors recommend routine colonoscopy testing in everyone as part of good health. If polyps are found, they are removed to prevent a future problem. Importantly, colon cancer is much more treatable (and even curable) if found early. Therefore, doctors recommended that everyone have regular screenings between the ages of 45-75 years old. Doctors advise that individuals at a high risk for colon cancer start colon cancer screening at a younger age. There are a few different options for colon cancer screening including stool and X-ray tests, but a colonoscopy remains the most accurate way to examine the colon. Additionally, doctors typically recommend that patients experiencing symptoms like low red blood cell count (anemia), bowel issues (diarrhea or constipation), abdominal pain, distention or blood in the stool, have a colonoscopy to pursue the reason for these symptoms.
Preparation
Typically, a few days before your colonoscopy, you will be instructed to increase your fluid intake and consume a low fiber diet and avoid non-digestible fruits, vegetables, seeds and nuts. The day before your procedure, you should avoid any solid food, but drink plenty of liquids. Your doctor will give you a laxative solution to flush out your intestines. A few hours before your procedure, you will be required to stop any liquids. Before your colonoscopy, your doctor will give you clear instructions about any usual medications you may take, especially weight-loss, diabetes of blood thinning medications.
During your Colonoscopy
You’ll be given anesthesia through an IV which will put you to sleep and a thin flexible tube will be inserted into your anus and gently advanced along the large intestine. A small amount of air may be introduced to keep the colon open and allow good visualization. This air is removed before the procedure is completed. Any abnormalities (such as polyps, growths or redness/inflammation) identified are removed or sampled with a biopsy – This does not cause any discomfort.
After your Colonoscopy
Immediately after the colonoscopy, patients will typically feel well, but occasionally, patients may have very mild fullness, bloating, cramps or gas. These symptoms resolve very quickly. Although the effects of anesthesia wear off rapidly, because you were sedated you should rest after your procedure. The day of your procedure, you should not go to work, drive or make any important decisions. Your first meal after your procedure should be light. Do not try to make up for what you did not eat the day earlier. If any medications were stopped for your colonoscopy, your doctor will tell you when to resume them. The day after your procedure, you return to your usual activities. It may take up to a week for your bowel pattern to return to normal.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Colonoscopies are common and this procedure is very safe. Colonoscopy-related complications are very rare and include infection, bleeding, breathing problems, damage to internal organs requiring hospitalization, blood transfusion and surgery. Again, such problems occur very rarely and, in general, the benefits of a colonoscopy far outweigh these risks. After your colonoscopy, if you experience abdominal pain/cramps, abdominal swelling, nausea, vomiting, fever or bloody stools, contact your doctor promptly or seek emergent care (by dialing 911 or going to the nearest hospital emergency department). Do not wait to see if these symptoms go away with time.
Book Your Appointment Today!
Griffin Faculty Physicians Gastroenterologists specialize in providing patient-centered care, including answering all of your questions and concerns related to your colon health and partnering with you to make a personalized screening plan. Call 203-736-9919 to schedule an appointment, or visit https://gfp.griffinhealth.org/specialty-care/gastroenterology for more information