By Michael Lipcan, MD, Chief of Gastroenterology, and Griffin Health Communications & Public Affairs Intern Celina Daigle
Diarrhea is something people hardly ever talk about, yet it can happen to all of us as the result of a stomach bug, food poisoning, or just eating something a bit too spicy. While it may not be something we like to talk about, there are things everyone should know about diarrhea and irritable bowel to make sure it is treated and managed effectively.
What to Do when You Have Diarrhea
Diarrhea is characterized as frequent, loose, watery stool that typically lasts two to three days. The initial treatment is to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, as diarrhea depletes your body’s water. Good choices include milk, water, diluted fruit juice, low-calorie sports drinks, and sucking on ice chips. Avoid sugary, alcoholic, and caffeinated drinks because they can worsen dehydration.
Breastfeeding children should NOT be given extra water. Continue breastfeeding or bottle-feeding instead. Avoid aspirin, as it can cause the life-threatening Reye’s Syndrome in very young children.
Increase soluble and insoluble fiber to help reduce the number and improve the consistency of bowel movements. Soluble fiber slows digestion, while insoluble fiber adds bulk and promotes bowel regularity. Foods rich in soluble fiber include oat bran, apples, bananas, beans, and citrus fruits, and insoluble fiber is found in whole grains, nuts, seeds, leafy greens, and berries.
Over-the-Counter Medications
You can also use over-the-counter medications to treat symptoms.
Diarrhea typically clears up on its own within two to three days, with or without medication. Over-the-counter medications such as loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) can help ease symptoms. Loperamide slows down the movement of liquid through your intestines, allowing your body to absorb more fluid and create firmer stools whereas bismuth subsalicylate balances fluid movement in your intestines, reduces inflammation, and prevents certain bacteria and viruses from growing. Ask your child’s doctor before giving them any medications.
In some cases, bacteria, parasites, or other digestive tract issues may cause diarrhea, and antibiotics might be necessary. If diarrhea lasts for more than two or three days, contact your doctor for help in treating the condition.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects over 25 million people in the U.S. and is a common cause of diarrhea. IBS can cause abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea (or constipation) and stool urgency. Such symptoms commonly result in emotional and physical stress.
The cause of IBS is unclear b ut probably results from many factors, including issues with nerve signals between the brain and large intestine, behavioral health conditions (such as anxiety, depression, and panic disorders), an overgrowth of bacteria in the intestines, hormonal changes, undiagnosed food sensitivities or allergies, and irregularities in how intestines move food through your system.
While there is no known cure for IBS, it can be managed with home treatments, such as avoiding foods that trigger symptoms, reducing stress, increasing fiber intake, and taking medications.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
If home treatment doesn’t help after a few days or if you notice new or worsening symptoms, such as fever, vomiting, or black or bloody stools, contact your doctor promptly.
Severe dehydration is also a concern for those with severe or prolonged diarrhea. Here are some signs of severe dehydration:
- Dark urine or reduced urination
- Clammy skin
- Cracked lips
- Dry mouth
- Sunken eyes
- Sleepiness
- Weakness
- Muscle cramps
- Lightheadedness
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Confusion
Some severe signs in young children include:
- No urination in 8-12 hours
- No tear production when crying
- A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher (for children 3 months or younger)
If you feel extremely weak or faint, have chest pains, experience a rapid heartbeat, have trouble breathing, or are breathing very fast, get immediate help or call 9-1-1.
Griffin Faculty Physicians Gastroenterology Specialists
If you’re experiencing digestive issues or have concerns about your bowel health, don’t hesitate to reach out to Griffin Faculty Physicians Gastroenterology Specialists. Our team of experienced professionals will provide the answers and care you need to achieve better gut health. To schedule an appointment, call us at 203-736-9919.